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The UC Davis pepper-spray incident occurred on November 18, 2011, during an Occupy movement demonstration at the University of California, Davis. After asking the protesters to leave, University police pepper sprayed a group of demonstrators as they were seated on a paved path in the campus quad. The video of UC Davis police officer Lt. John Pike pepper spraying demonstrators spread around the world as a viral video and the photograph became an Internet meme.〔O'Brien, C. (November 23, 2011). (O'Brien: How one student's pepper spray photo became an Internet meme ). ''San Jose Mercury News''. Retrieved December 6, 2011.〕 In October 2013, a judge ruled that Lt. John Pike, the pepper sprayer, would be paid $38,000 in worker's compensation benefits, to compensate for his psychological pain and suffering. Apart from the worker's compensation award, he retained his retirement credits. After the incident, large protests against the use of pepper spray occurred on campus. UC Davis Chancellor Linda P.B. Katehi apologized to the students, saying that the police had acted against her orders for there to be no arrests and no use of force. A public debate about the militarization of the police and the appropriate use of pepper spray on peaceful protesters took place in the media, with questions raised about the freedom of speech and the right to peaceably assemble guaranteed by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. ==Synopsis== Lt. John Pike pepper sprayed protesters at UC Davis. According to ''The New York Times'', multiple videos show a peaceful demonstration with officers "freely moving about".〔"Annette Spicuzza, the U.C. Davis police chief, told The Sacramento Bee that the officers used pepper spray on Friday because the police were surrounded by students. 'There was no way out of that circle,' she told the newspaper. 'They were cutting the officers off from their support. It's a very volatile situation.' The videos, however, show officers freely moving about and show students behaving peacefully. The university reported no instances of violence by any protesters." Stelter, B. (November 20, 2011). (U.C. Davis to Investigate Use of Pepper Spray at Protest ). ''The New York Times'', 28. Retrieved December 6, 2011.〕 According to Annette Spicuzza, the U.C. Davis police chief, the protesters had surrounded the officers and would not let them leave. Following the incident, the police chief and two officers were placed on administrative leave while UC Davis student and faculty organizations called for the resignation of Linda P.B. Katehi, chancellor of UC Davis. Katehi requested an inquiry into the incident and, in response, Mark Yudof, president of the University of California system appointed a task force to investigate the incident composed of students, faculty, staff and members from the UC community and led by former California Supreme Court Justice and UC Davis Professor Emeritus of Law, Cruz Reynoso.〔Strumwasser, H. (December 5, 2011). (UC President announces task force members ). ''The California Aggie''.〕 Yudof contracted with Kroll Inc. and its Chairman, former Los Angeles Police Chief William J. Bratton, to conduct the factual investigation and review of police procedures for the Task Force. The Davis Division of the UC Academic Senate (the faculty of the University of California) conducted their own separate investigation concurrently as well. The Yolo County District Attorney's Office and Yolo County Sheriff’s Department, also reviewed the pepper spray incident to determine whether there was any criminal conduct. Following the pepper spray incident President Yudof instructed Christopher Edley, Dean of the UC Berkeley School of Law, and Charles Robinson, General Counsel for the University of California, to conduct a separate review of protocols concerning non-violent protests at all ten UC campuses. Alleged use of excessive force by police against students and demonstrators was said to be part of a larger pattern observed within the state of California and across the United States. The Board of the Council of UC Faculty Associations said that "police violence" was used against non-violent demonstrators at UC Davis, UCLA, UC Berkeley and at a Cal State Board of Trustees meeting in Long Beach.〔 Rep. Jerrold Nadler of New York’s 8th congressional district and ranking member of the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, sent a letter to United States Attorney General Eric Holder requesting that the United States Department of Justice investigate the actions of law enforcement during the nationwide Occupy protests to determine if the civil liberties of demonstrators and reporters were violated. According to Nadler, Occupy UC Davis was one of at least eight separate events recorded on video at Occupy demonstrations throughout the United States where "significant and unwarranted force in making arrests" occurred.〔 As of March 2012, Occupy UC Davis has continued to engage in organized meetings, events, and UC Davis-specific actions,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Occupy UC Davis )〕 in addition to joining actions of allied occupations such as those of Oakland, UC Berkeley, and Woodland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.theaggie.org/2012/02/07/uc-davis-students-arrested-at-occupy-oakland/ )〕 On July 31, 2012, a UC Davis spokesman announced that Pike was no longer employed by the university.〔("Officer at center of pepper-spraying incident no longer works at UC Davis" ), ''Sacramento Bee'', August 1, 2012〕 Nearly a year later, on July 27, 2013, it was reported that Pike had filed for workers compensation, and hoped to receive a monetary award for what he termed a "psychiatric injury" due to threats he received after his identity was made public. A settlement conference was scheduled for August 13, 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/pepper-spray-cop-occupy-protest-wants-workers-compensation-for-psychiatric-injury.php?ref=fpb )〕 In October 2013 it was reported that Joel Harter, an administrative law judge for the California Division of Workers' Compensation, had approved a settlement totaling $38,056 for Pike. Apart from the settlement, Pike also retained his retirement credits earned from his employment by the University of California. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「UC Davis pepper-spray incident」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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